Funding: R01AA029812
Principal Investigator: Nina Mulia, Sub-award PI; Katherine Karriker Jaffe, PI, RTI
Heavy drinking is a leading cause of preventable death, and untreated alcohol use disorder (AUD) has economic and social costs that are due in part to disparities in access to alcohol health services. This study uses existing survey and administrative data to simulate multiple, simultaneous improvements in access to care across the continuum from screening for unhealthy drinking to treatment and recovery support to model long- term impacts on recovery from AUD. Study results will help inform efforts of clinicians, treatment providers, and policymakers to improve access to care to maximize the benefits within local cost constraints.
Excessive drinking results in tremendous economic and social costs and is a leading cause of preventable death in the US. Only a small minority of people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive appropriate services, and there are large disparities in access to alcohol health services for people based on race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity.
This study answers pressing questions about how to reduce disparities in access, using simulation modeling to examine whether universal increases in access to evidence-based practices (EBPs) such as screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) or medication-assisted treatment can reduce disparities, or whether more targeted efforts to improve access are needed to reach high-priority population subgroups. Simulation models are well-suited for identifying unintended consequences of interventions implemented in complex systems, as well as outcomes that may occur years after implementation.
By projecting intervention effects across population subgroups over time, simulation modeling can help identify and prioritize types of alcohol health services interventions to reduce AUD disparities. Although simulation methods are being used to address the opioid crisis, to date there is no published simulation model comprehensively describing the continuum of alcohol health services in relation to AUD disparities. This study fills this gap by simulating effects of increased access to alcohol health services across the continuum of care from SBIRT, to specialty care (including AUD medications) and informal treatment (including 12-step groups like Alcoholics Anonymous), in relation to health disparities.
First, we build and calibrate a microsimulation model of alcohol health services for people with mild, moderate, and severe AUD, guided by a conceptual model that includes barriers to treatment at the individual, organizational, community, and policy levels.
Next, we use a geographically situated simulated population representing the large, demographically and geographically diverse states of California and Texas to make long-term projections for AUD severity and recovery for key population subgroups over time. Finally, informed by theories of healthcare access and utilization, we will project changes in AUD treatment disparities under several enhanced conditions to identify the mix and distribution of services that would best reduce disparities, and we estimate costs and benefits of improved service access.
Study Aims are to assess effects of:
(1) universal implementation of EBPs in traditional and non-traditional settings
(2) improving accessibility, availability, affordability, and acceptability of alcohol health services on disparities, and to
(3) estimate cost and cost-effectiveness of these changes.
Results will provide detailed information to inform service planning by states, counties, and communities to improve health services, including projections for how and where to intervene in a cost- effective manner to reduce the burden of AUD and increase long-term recovery for vulnerable populations.
